Twenty years or so spent at the University of Oulu resulted in a tool for measuring brain function, which was commercialised through Cerenion Oy, a developer of medical devices. Ilkka’s first non-fiction work, dealing with the ISO 13485 standard, emerged a while later. All in all, what has happened along the way?

Open science has long been promoted in Finland. But does it exclude the commercial utilisation of research results?